Positive commandment · Mitzvat Aseh #240 of 613
To judge regarding the damages caused by grazing
לדון בנזקי הבער
The verse · Shemot 22:4
כִּי יַבְעֶר־אִישׁ שָׂדֶה אוֹ־כֶרֶם וְשִׁלַּח אֶת־בְּעִירֹה וּבִעֵר בִּשְׂדֵה אַחֵר מֵיטַב שָׂדֵהוּ וּמֵיטַב כַּרְמוֹ יְשַׁלֵּם
“If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man’s field; of the best of his field, and of the best of his vineyard, shall he make restitution”
The Rambam’s words
To judge regarding the damages caused by grazing, as [Exodus 22:4] states: "If a person will graze [his animals] in a field or vineyard...."
לדון בנזקי הבער, שנאמר: "כי יבער איש, שדה או כרם" (שמות כב,ד).
Why · Sefer HaChinuch #55
The commandment on the court to judge concerning damages of destruction
“The root of the commandment of jurisprudence is well-known.”
Who & when
“And [it] is practiced by males, since it is upon them to administer justice.”
Where in the Mishneh Torah
Hilchot Damages to Property הלכות נזקי ממון