Negative commandment · Lo Ta’aseh #320 of 613
Not to work on the Shabbat
שלא לעשות מלאכה בשבת
The verse · Shemot 20:10
וְיוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שַׁבָּת לַה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂה כׇל־מְלָאכָה אַתָּה וּבִנְךָ־וּבִתֶּךָ עַבְדְּךָ וַאֲמָתְךָ וּבְהֶמְתֶּךָ וְגֵרְךָ אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ
“but the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:”
The Rambam’s words
Not to work on the Shabbat, as [Exodus 20:10] states: "Do not do any work."
שלא לעשות מלאכה בשבת, שנאמר "לא תעשה כל מלאכה" (שמות כ,ט; דברים ה,יג).
Why · Sefer HaChinuch #32
To not do work on Shabbat
“It is from the roots of this commandment that we should be free from our preoccupations in honor of the day [of Shabbat], in order to instill within our souls faithfulness to the [concept of the] universe’s creation, which is [a concept that affects many fundamental principles in Judaism] (lit. a rope that drags along all the foundations of our religion).”
Who & when
“And [it] is practiced in every place and at all times by males and females.”
Where in the Mishneh Torah
Hilchot Sabbath הלכות שבת