Negative commandment · Lo Ta’aseh #322 of 613
[For a court] not to inflict punishment on the Shabbat
שלא לענוש בשבת
The verse · Shemot 35:3
לֹא־תְבַעֲרוּ אֵשׁ בְּכֹל מֹשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת
“You shall kindle no fire throughout your habitations on the sabbath day.”
The Rambam’s words
[For a court] not to inflict punishment on the Shabbat, as [Exodus 35:3] states: "Do not kindle a fire on the Shabbat day."
שלא לענוש בשבת, שנאמר "לא תבערו אש, בכול מושבותיכם" (שמות לה,ג).
Why · Sefer HaChinuch #114
That the court not administer a death sentence on the Shabbat
“It is from the roots of the commandment that G-d, may He be blessed, wanted to honor this day, that everyone find rest on it — even sinners and guilty ones.”
Who & when
“And this commandment is practiced at the time of the [Temple] by males, as they are the ones in charge of justice.”
Where in the Mishneh Torah
Hilchot Sabbath הלכות שבת