Positive commandment · Mitzvat Aseh #238 of 613
To judge regarding the damages caused by a pit
לדון בנזקי הבור
The verse · Shemot 21:33
וְכִי־יִפְתַּח אִישׁ בּוֹר אוֹ כִּי־יִכְרֶה אִישׁ בֹּר וְלֹא יְכַסֶּנּוּ וְנָפַל־שָׁמָּה שּׁוֹר אוֹ חֲמוֹר
“And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit, and not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall into it;”
The Rambam’s words
To judge regarding the damages caused by a pit, as [Exodus 21:33] states: If a person will open a pit...."
לדון בנזקי הבור, שנאמר: "כי יפתח איש בור" (שמות כא,לג).
Who & when
“And [it] is practiced by males, since it is upon them to administer justice; but not upon females, since they do not judge.”
Where in the Mishneh Torah
Hilchot Damages to Property הלכות נזקי ממון